Home Forums The Japanese Language では and には questions

This topic contains 4 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by  Joel 10 years, 11 months ago.

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  • #42314

    キース
    Member

    みんな、こんにちは。。。私は質問がある。

    Can anyone explain to me the different cases in which one uses では and には versus the simple で and に?

    I think I understand the concept, but I can’t figure out the general idea of which situations use では and には instead of で and に.

    Anybody have some advice?

    #42317

    Joel
    Member

    では and には are double particles – they perform the function of both で or に and は. They’re used when some word which already has particle で or に is functioning as the topic of the sentence. For example:

    ここでは走らないでください – please don’t run here. “Here” has the location-of-action で particle attached, and it’s the topic, so you get では.

    冬には雪が多い – in winter, it snows a lot. Here, “in winter” is the topic, so you get 冬に + は.

    You’ll also see でも and にも, but never ever でを or にを. Or をは.

    #42318

    キース
    Member

    Ahhh, that makes perfect sense! Thanks for clearing it up for me!

    #42322

    But then what would ここで走らないでください and 冬に雪が多い (both sentences without the は) mean?

    #42323

    Joel
    Member

    Different emphasis / less distinction.

    ここでは is don’t run here, but it’s ok to run somewhere else. ここで becomes don’t run here.

    I guess?

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